RATOON RICE TECHNOLOGY

 Thuhmahruai :


              Buh hi India hmarchhak (NE) mite chawpui ber a ni a. Hectare maktaduai 3.5 laia zaua chin a ni. Hmarchhaka kan Buh chin dan ber chu monsoon (fur ruah) a innghatin buh kan mal chin(monocropping) ber, a chhan chu buh thar rang (Short duration) kan neih that loh vang leh buh (kharif) seng hnua boruak vawh deuh thin vang a ni ber. Hei hian buh fang a ti pum lo thin si a ( Spikelet sterility). India hmarchhaka kan buh thar hlawk dan (2.2t/ha) nena khaikhinin a la hniam hle a ni(DRR Hyderabad 2008-09). Mizorama kan buh thar hlawk dan chu kum 2011-12 chhung khan WRC ah 2.00 MT/Ha a ni a, terrace ah 1.5 t/ha, SRI ah chuan 2.6 t/ha a tling phak a ni.

             Kum 2005 hma lam kha chuan India hmarchhak tlangram (NEH region) ah hian hmun sang lai leh hniam inkar (Mid altitude)ah te pawh hian buh(kharif) seng zawha a tum hnihna atana buh chin (second crop of rice) hi theih lova ngaih a ni thin a, a chhan chu khawvawt (>150C) November thla atanga a intan mai thin vang a ni a, hei hian buh fang a tipum theilo(Spikelet sterility ) thin a ni. Tunah erawh chuan Scientist te theihtawp chhuahna a zarah (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region) Meghalaya state ah chuan hmun sang ve deuh (mid hills)ah pawh kum khatah tum hnih hlawhtling takin buh a chin ve theih ta a ni (>950m=313tf) . He tih lai tho hian Assam, Tripura. Manipur phaiah te leh Garo hills (Meghalaya) hmun thenkhat leh NE hmun khawimaw laiah te chuan kum khatah buh tum 2 an thar thei. Mizoram chhungah Kolasib District, Mamit District, Lunglei leh Lawngtlai District hmun thenkhatah pawh kum 1 ah buh tum 2 an ching mek a ni.

I.  Buh thar tam tura zawm tur :


              Buh thar tihlawka tipung turin zawm tur a awm teuh mai a, chung zingah chuan Buh thar hlawk leh tha (improved varieties) chinte, leitha leh hlo tur hmante, plant protection lama piantharte, a tlara buh chin emaw spacing dik ngaih pawimawh te, SRI dana buh chin te kum 1 a tum hnih chin te a ni.


              Hei bakah hian, kan pi pute pawhin an lo sawi fo ’chhirthluk’ an tih kha a ni. Anni chuan thingtlang lovah an ti thin a ni mai thei. Keini erawh chuan leiletah kan ti a nga, Ratooning tiin kan sawi mai bawk anga. Hei hi keini tan chuan thil thar a nih leh dawn a vangin a chanchin leh tihdan a theih ang angin kan zir leh dawn a ni. Hei hi ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya a miten tlangram leilet atana an zirna zulzuia ziak a ni, Hmun hrang hrangah kan enchhin ve nghal a tha khawp mai.



II.  Ratooning of Rice:


              A hmasain ‘Ratooning’ hi sawifiah phawt ila. Buh kan sengin favahin kan Zai/at thin a, vuak tur chu lei seh chin atanga inches 6 emaw a aia sangah kan at thin . Buh kung san leh that dan a zirin kan ah/zaina chu a sang hlei deuh ang. A then chu inches 8 atanga inches 10 lai pawh a ni mai thei. Buh ahna, a bul atanga lo chawr enkawl zuia buh chin dan hi ‘Ratooning’ chu a ni mai. A thara leilehte, buhchi kuite, Buh phunte a ngailo. Ratoon buh kan ti fo tawh mai anga, hming dang emaw sawi dan dangte chu Stubble rice, regenerated rice, valunteer rice tihte a ni. Kan pipute pawh khan buh ahna bul atanga lo chawr kha an lo seng leh thin a ni awm e. An ni lo chu leilet pawh ni lovin thingtlang lo vek a ni anga. Buh ah hnu zawng zawng phei chu seng thamin a chawr hmel loh. A chawr duh zualte chu a bul an chhirthlu emaw an han chhir awn a, a lo chawr a, an seng leh thin, Chutianga an tih thin buh chu ‘Chhirthluk buh’ an ti. Ratooning ve tho a ni. Taiwanah kum za engemawzat (centuries) an lo practice tawh a, Kum 1950 khan Equador ramah a lo lar tawh viauva, US ah pawh Carolina a mite chuan kum 1800 chhovah khan an lo ti ve tawh bawk a, mahse kum1940 hma kha chuan chhim lam ho chuan an la hre lo,. Kum 1940-50 chho khan Texas loneituten ratooning hi an lo enchhin ve tawh a, mahse a thar tha lovin a quality pawh a chhia.

              Kum 1950 ah Rice Pasture research and Extension Centre a Agronomist Nathan Evatt chuan Ratoon tih hlawk leh hlawk loh (Economic viability) hre turin research a bei tan a. A research hian sawisel a hlawhin an tuipui pha lo hle. Mahse Dr Hank Beachell, USDA Breeder hnenah a thil hmuh(finding) nena a kal chuan anin chhunzawm zel turin a lo fuih hlauhva, Tiang deuh hian ratooning hian hmun hrang hrangah titi a ti tam khawp mai. Tunah erawh chuan Texas hmuna an ratoon buh thar hlawk dan chu 30-40% lai a tling ta a, an khawthlang lamah phei chuan 80% lai a ni awm e.

              Kan fu chin dan pawh hi ‘Ratooning’ tho a ni. kum tin a thara phun lova, tum khat phun kan ringa, kum 5 atanga kum 6 te kum 8 laite pawh fu huan kan enkawl thin hi ‘ Ratooning of sugarcane’ kan ti ve mai.

              Chuti chuan ‘Ratooning’ chu buh thar tipung tur leh kan leilet tangkai taka chawl lova kan hman theihna tur a ni. ‘Ratooning’ avangin hun leh loneitute resource kan siam sak emaw renchem sak a ni mai lova, lovin hlawk zawkin rah a chhuah a, a neitute income a lo pung thei thin a ni. ‘Ratooning ‘ ah chuan tha heh deuh deuh mai buhchi kui, leileh , leikawi leh buh phun a ngai lo. Heng avang hian buh chin nana tha mamawh 50-60% laiin a tlem zawk a, buh tui mamawh pawh 60%(za a 60) in a tlem Zawk bawk. Hetiang a nih avang hian a awmsa ringin tha tam leh senso belh ngai vak lovin buh kan thar leh teuh mai dawn a ni. Ratoonong a buh chin hi ram hrang hrang India, Japan, united States leh Columbia ah te tih ni mahse an ti nasa lo viau hlawm a, India ramah chuan Assam hi Ratooning tihna hmun a ni. Amaherawh chu North East ah hian kum khatah buh tum hnih chin emaw, ratooning te hi zo leh hmun sang(> 800m MSL =2640 ft) ah te chuan an la ti ngailo niin a lang. A vawikhatna atan ratooning hi ICAR Research Complex for NEH region, Umiam, Meghalaya a Division of Agronomy ah enchhin a ni a, an beiseina chu NEH Region a Sub-Tropical hmun, hmun sang deuh bawk siah hian buh hnuhnung (second Crop) aia thar hlawk zawk leh loneitu tana income tha zawk neih theihna ni thei tura an ngaih chu a ni.


III.  Ratooning tih dan tur :


              1. Buh kung tha tak nei thei turin buh phun sawn emaw a chi thlakna (seed drill) hmanga buh chin turte chu a hma thei anga tih nise. A theih phei chuan April-May thla vela tan tur a ni a, chutianga kan tih theih chuan August-September thla velah kan seng leh thei ang. Hetianga hma deuha buh phun emaw buh chin hi pre-kharif tih a ni. A tihdan erawh chu Kharif season buh chin dan ang tho a ni bawk.

              2. Buh senga buh kan ah hian lei atanga 25cm (10inch) a sanga ahin ratoon a buh chin a hlawhtling duh. Buh bul zuah tawi deuh hian a chawr tha duh zawk nain a thar hlawk lo zawk tlat maia, A chhan chu puitlin nan hun a duh rei deuh zawka khawvawtin a nanga, buhfang pum tha thei lovin a tharin a chhiat phah thin vang a ni, Buh ah hniam chuan a chawr kim loh avanga buh bi awl a tam bik bawk.

              3. Tum khat tal kuta hlo thlawh a ngai, a tul dan a zirin thlawh nawn pawh a tul thei. Fai tha taka hlo thlawh hi thlai tan a thain a thar hlawk phah thei hle tih hriat a tha. Lo fai leh fai loh a zirin buhin a thar hlawk phahin a thar hlawk loh phah thei hle a. Ratoon buh hnim leh hnim loh hi a buh hmun (main crop) fai leh fai lohah pwah a innghat lian hle bawk. Buh seng hnu ni 20-30 velah leitha (Urea) pek hun laiin kut ngeia hlo thlawh tum tur.

              4. Ratooningah chuan leitha mamawh zat hi a tlem deuha, a zatve vela ngaih a ni. NPK mamawh zat chu 40kg N, 30kg P2O5 leh 20kg K2O/ha a ni a, hetiang pe tur hian Urea kg 87, SSp kg 187.50, MOP kg 33 pek a ngai, SSP aia DAP kan hman dawn chuan Urea kg 64, DAP kg 65 leh MOP kg 33 pek a tul thung ang.

              5. Pantea tui tlin tir tur a ni. Buh seng hlima tui chimtir vak hian buh bul a tawih duh a, A chawr loh phah thin. Buh a lo chawr that theih nan buh seng hlimah tui sah kanga, hnawng tha tak si a, ni 10 vel dah a tha.

              6. Thlai ven him hna chu buh hmuna tihdan pangngai ang tho a ni a, a tul hunah a tul dan anga tih mai tur a ni.

              7. A variety a zir chu a ni tho nain kharif season a buh chinte hi ni 135-158 velah an seng/thar bera, ratoon erawh chu ni70-79 chhungin a thar mai thung. Ratooning tih dawn chuan buh seng hma a tha , a kung pawh ala hrin deuh laiin nise. Hmin uai taka zuah loh tur.

              8. Hetiang hi a ni a, India hmarchhak tlangram climate leh resource te avanga loneituten double cropping an tih that theih lohnaah hian ratooning hi a remchang em em thung a ni. Ratooning hian kan buhzem a mawi mai nilovin loneitute income a tipung a, helai mite tan thawh tur tam zawk (employment) a siamsak bawk a ni.

Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan VOL.II
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 54 - 66
First Edition-2017


IV.  Ratooning atana buh variety thate: :


              Ratooning atana buh variety tha hre tur hian nasa takin Scientist ten an bei a. A variety tha hriatchhuah bakah tihdan tur tha zawk hriat belh pawh an tum nasa hle bawk

              Shahsarang-1. IR-64 leh Lumpnah te hi Meghalaya a ratooning atana buh variety thate an ni a. IR-64 leh Shasarang te hi zoramah pawh kan ching lar hle tawh a, kan hre tur a ni. ratooning hi han ti chhin ila, kan buh chin mek variety hrang hrang zingah ratooning atana tha pawh kan hriat belh zel mai ang. Engpawh nise buh thar rang chin erawh chu angai hrim hrim mai a, HYV pawh nise duhthusam a ni.


V.   Ratooning that leh hlawkna :


              1. Ratooning hi India hmarchhaka cropping intensity tihsanna atana thil tih tur tha tak, buhthar tihpun theihna tha tak a ni.

              2. Ratooning hian hun a heh lova (buhchi kui, lei lehkawi leh buh phun leh a dang thenkhat a ngaih loh vangin) chubakah resource (buhchi leh tha pawh) a ngai tlemin a tul lo hial thei bawk. Chubakah loneitute buhthar a ti hlawkin, income pawh a lo pun phah.

              3. Thil pahnih , buhchi kui leh buh phun, tha mamawh tam takte hi ratooning ah chuan a ngai lo.

              4. Ratooningah hian tui mamawh a tlem zawka, a chhan chu buh chin dan pangngai nena khaikhin chuan a puitlin nan 60% chauh a duh vang a ni.

              5. Tha leh expenditure( senso) tam pawh ngai lovin buh thar leh income kan neih belh theih phah.

              6. NEH Region sub-tropical hmunah hian kharif season chawhnu lam maha buh phunsawn ngaia chin aiin ratooning kan tih mai hian buh thar tha ve tho si, income tha zawk kan nei thei.


VI.   Ratoon buh thar hlawk nana a varieties, a chin dan leh buh ah(zai) na san zawng pawimawhna: :


              Nasa takin Scientist ten ratoon atana buh variety tha an zawng meka. 2007-2010 a ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya a an hmuh danin Shahsarang-1 hi ratooning atana variety tha ber a ni a, IR-64 in a dawta (Table-I). Pre kharif rice (Ahu) kan tihah pawh a chin danin ratoona a thar hlawk leh hlawk loh a kawk, phunsawn ngailova buh chinah phunsawna buh chin ami aiin ratoonah a thar hlawk zawk.Buh ahna san zawng pawhin ratoon thar hlawk leh hlawk loh thuah kori a tun hlea hriat a ni. Lei atanga 25cm (10inch) a sanga buh ah leh 15cm (6inch) a sanga buh ah pawh en a ni a, inch 6 a sanga buh ah aiin inch 10 a sanga buh ah atanga ratoon buh thar a hlawk zawk.


Varieties Establishment of pre kharif rice
Cutting height of pre kharif rice
Direct Seeded Transplanted Mean 15 cm 25 cm Mean
IR-64 2.60 2.47 2.54 2.20 2.60 2.40
Shahsarang-1 2.72 2.56 2.64 2.32 2.72 2.52
Lumpnah 2.58 2.36 2.47 2.13 2.58 2.36
Krishna Hamsa (KRH 1.84 1.68 1.76 1.52 1.84 1.68


              Hetih lai hian Scientist engemaw zat chuan buh ah san leh san loh hian ratoonah awmzia a nei tam lovin an sawi thung. Hniam tea buhah hian a thar hlawk zawka, mahse puitling turin hun a duh rei zawk an ti bawk. Hetiang deuh chiah hian Scientist thenkhat pawhin sang taka buh ah hian buh thar a ti hlawk lo an ti bawk. Scientist thenkhat buh hniam taka ah avanga a bi kimlo emaw chawr lo tam ta riauva report an awm. Buh bul chawr kimlo tam tur veng tur leh hnim chawr thuai tur veng turin buh inch6(15cm) a sanga ah an recommend thung. Buh seng hlima tui khung mai emaw khung tam luttuk chuan buh bul a tawih a, a chawr tha duh lo. Buh seng dawna tui sah ang khan seng hnu ni 10 vel chhung hnawng deuhva dah phawta tui khung tur. Hei hian buh a ti chawr tha duh zawk.

VII.  Leitha chi hrang hrangte ratoon buh thar hlawkna tura an tangkai dan:

              Kum 2006-2010 chhunga enchhinnaa a lan danin bawng/lawi zun-ek leitha (FYM) a chawm ratoon buh a thar hlawk bera, vawk zun-ek leitha a chawmin a dawt . Leitha pekte hi an Nitrogen pai atanga chhut a ni a. Phosphorus mamawh chu rock Phosphate hmanga pek a ni thung.

              Nitrogen pai leitha pek danin ratoon buh thar hlawk danah awmzia a nei hle. Buh seng hlima nitrogen pai leitha pekin a thar a tih hlawk zawk laiin thensawm(split) erawhin chuti vaka buh bul chawr(tillering) leh a thara awmzia a neih thui loh thu report a ni. Chuti vaka buh bul chawr(tillering) leh a thara awmzia a neih thui loh thu report a ni. Scientist thenkhat buh seng hlima nitrogen leitha pek zui maiin a thar a hlawk phah zia sawi an awm. Scientist dang dang Bollick leh turner(1988) ten buh tul zum leh vuih hnu kar 2 vela nitrogen leitha pek ratoon pengin a tam phah zia leh a thar pawh ni 7-20 laia hma zawk thu an sawi.

Table-2: Effect of Nutrient sources and cutting height on ratoon yield (t/ha)
Treatment Direct Seeded
Transplanted
15cm 25cm 15cm 25cm
FYM 2.49 2.89 2.33 2.78
Vermicompost 2.12 2.49 1.84 2.49
Pig manure 2.23 2.62 3.16 3.66
Paddy straw 1.98 2.36 1.71 2.22
Control 1.38 1.81 1.20 1.58

              Leitha chi hrang pein buh kuia phun sawna chinna hmun, seng pawha, inch 6 (15cm) leh inch 10(25cm) a sanga buh ah/zaina atanga ratoon leh phunsawn loh theh emaw buh chi thlakna (seed drill) hmanga buh chinna a mi, an senga inch 10 leh inch 6 a sanga ah/zai atanga ratoon thar hlawk dan a ni.

              Leitha thuhmun dawngah pawh buh kung sang deuhva ah atangin a thar hlawk tih a lang a. Buh phunsawna chinna hmun atanga ratoon aiin phunsawn loh (direct seeded) atanga ratoonah a thar hlawk zawk bawk. Leitha engmah pek lohna ai chuan changpat leitha leh buhpawl pekna hmunah te pawh a thar tha zawk em em a ni.

VIII.  System Productivity:

              Kharif hma (Transplanted pre kharif) , Kharif tlai(transplanted late kharif) kharif tlai atanga ratoon (late kharif ratoon) atang tein an than duan dan (growth), anmahni buh thar nana awmze nei chi hrang hrang (yield attributes), thar hma leh tlai dan(duration) leh thar hlawk dan(productivity) leh thlir (evaluate) a ni a. Kharif hmaah chuan IR-64 ( 4.32 t/ha), Aerobic rice line( 4.21 t/ha) Krishna hamsa (4.05 t/ha) leh Shahsarang -1 (4.03 t/ha) te hi an tha hle (promissing) maia : Bhalum-1 leh Vivek Dhan -82 te aiin an duhawm zawk vek. Kharif tlai buhah thung chuan a dang zawng aiin Vivek Dhan -82 (3.72 t/ha), a thar hlawk larh a, IR -64(2.76 t/ha) in a dawt a, Shahsarang -1 (2.53 t/ha) in a dawt leh. Kharif tlaiah chuan Krishna Hamsa a thar tha lo (1.68 t/ha). Ratoonah erawh chuan a letling thawk a, a thar hlawk ber chu Shahsarang – 1(3.31 t/ha), IR-64 in a dawta (3.22 t/ha), an pahnih hi variety dang zawng aiin an tha lawr a ni. Bhalum -1 leh Aerobic rice thar hlawk dan a intluk.

              Kharif hmaa IR-64 china ratoon atana hmanzui leh in 86% leh 202% in improved practice (4.05 t/ha) leh locala loneituten buh an lo chin dan thin (local practice of monocropping 2.5 t/ha) aiin a thar hlawk zawk. Chu chu best combination tih kawp a tha IR-64 pre kharif (Kharif hma) a chin, kharif tlaia Divek Dhan-82(system productivity of 80.4 quintal grain/ha ) tluk a ni. A tlangpuiin kharif tlaiah Vivek Dhan-82 tih lohvah chuan variety dang zawng zawngah a tir (buh phun) aiin ratoonah a thar hlawk zawk vek. System productivity a sang ber 7.54 t/ha chu kharif hma IR-64 leh a ratoon a ni. A dawttu chu kharif hma Shahsarang-1 leh a ratoon a ni. (7.33 t/ha). Chu chu kharif hmaa IR-64 chin phunsawn chi a kharif tlaia zui leh a ni(7.08 t/ha). Vivek Dhan-82 ah chuan kharif hma leh tlai buh phuna chin ve ve hi kharif hmaa buh phuna a hnua ratoon zui aiin a thar tha zawk.

Table-3: Growth and yield attributes of ratoon rice in late kharif season as influence by varieties(2 years pooled data)
Varieties Height (cm)
Effective Tillers/ hill) DMP (g/hill) Effective grains/ pa Panicle length (cm) Test weight Maturity period (days)
IR-64 43.4 11.4 43.78 93.8 22.55 25.01 90
Shahsarang-1 54.7 12.2 45.83 103.8 21.9 21.85 95
Aerobic Rice line* 38.1 10.1 36.29 92.3 22.34 23.18 91
Krishna Hamsa 36.1 12.5 22.75 51.3 18.72 21.33 85
Bhalum-1 55.7 8 33.15 90.8 22.18 25.21 86
Vivek Dhan-82 56.3 6.6 15.34 45 20.18 25.19 70
Sedm= 2.91 1.99 1.64 5.49 0.85 1.07 1.43
C.D. (0.05) 6.32 4.33 3.57 11.94 1.85 2.32 3.1

IX.  Tum hnih buh phuna chin aia thlanawm zawk Ratooning:

              India hmarchhak tlangramah te hian khua a vawh deuh avangin kum khata buh vawihnih chin hi a harsa deuh thina, Chuvangin buh vawikhat thar hnua a bul atanga tih thar leh a vawi hnih chin aiin ratooning hi remchang riauva hriat a ni. Sawi tawh angin ratooning kan tih chuan lei leh, leikawi, buhchi kui leh buh phun te a ngai ve lova, chung ang chu kan pumpelh pawh kan ti thei ang. Ratooning ah hian tha 50-605 in a ngai tlema, buh alo puitlin nana tui mamawh zat pawh 60% zetin a tlem zawka, hun pawh 40-50 laiin a ngai tlem tih report a ni. Buh ah zawh ve leh a bul a lo chawr zui mai a, a than chak em avangin a puitling thuai bawka, buh thuhmun tho si, a tir a mi aiin a thar rang bik em em a ni. A thatna ber pawh insensona tur a tlem em em tawh a, loneitu rethei deuh leh lo zim te te nei tan a tha a ni (small farmer friendly technology). Chubakah ratooning kan tih loh chuan buh seng zawh hian lo hi a awl mai mai (follow) bawk thin si a, hei hi loneitu tan a chhenfakawm em em na a ni bawk. Chutiang chu a ni a, he ratoon technology hi a rintlakin a hlawk a, India hmarchhak tlangram a mite tan hian a tha hle a ni, a bikin hmun sang lutuk lo ho (mid altitude) atan. Hetiang anih avang hian ratooning avangin cropping intensity a lo sanga, buh thar pawh a lo pung thin. Hun hman tlem mai bakah loneitute sum leh pai a heklo bawka, an buh thar leh income a pung bawk si.

              Chawhrualin ratoon atang hian a hmaa thar zaa 40(40%) vel thar theia chhut a ni a, a chunga tarlan tawh angin buh thar nan hian hun a ngai reilo em em tawha, zaa 40(40%) vel bawkin hun a duh tlem a ni.

              Kan buh chin dan pangngai kum khata vawikhat chin aia, ratooning hlawk zawk zia chu Table-4 ah hian a lo lang.

Table-4 : Promissing double cropping sequence over existing Practice of monocropping of rice
Croppping sequence
Productivity(t/ha)
Economic (Rs./ha/year)
Pre kharif(T) Late-kharif (T/R) Pre Kharif Late kharif Total produc tivity Cost of cultiva tion Gross return Net return NRP **
Shahsa rang-1 Shahsa rang-1 4.03 2.53 6.56 24,700 39,360 14,660 0.59
Shahsa rang-1 Shahsa rang-1 4.03 3.30 7.33 19,500 43,980 24,480 1.26
IR-64 IR-64 4.32 2.76 7.08 25,000 42,480 17,480 0.7
IR-64 IR-64 4.32 3.22 7.54 19,800 45,240 25,440 1.28
Vivek Dhan-82 Vivek Dhan-82 3.05 0.85 3.90 17,600 23,400 5,800 0.33
IR-64 Vivek Dhan-82 4.32 3.72 8.04 25,700 48,240 22,540 0.88
Krishna Hamsa Vivek Dhan-82 4.05 3.72 7.77 25,500 46,620 21,120 0.83
HYV Fallow - 4.05 4.05 14,500 24,300 9,400 0.63
Local Practice* Fallow - 2.50 2.50 9,000 15,000 6,000 0.67
T=Transplanted, R= Ratoon, Price(rice= Rs.6000/t , * Local variety, FYM 5t/ha and one weeding. ** Net return per rupee invested

X.   Chawnghei lohna atan Ratooning emaw tum 2 buh chin:

              India hmarchhak, Assam tel lova buh hmun hectare nuaih 6.00 mid altitude tui nei leh lowland tlangsang atanga tui nei ho hi kum khata tum hnih (2) buh chin theihna a ni a. Chubakah India hmarchhak ram tuilak(irrigation) tih theihna hmun zaa 20.78-25% avaiin hectare nuaih 9.00 zet hi tui pek theih a ni.He lai hmarchhak tlangramah hian buh hmun hectare nuaih 9 lai a tangin hectare nuaih khat tal chu kharif hma (pre kharif) buh chin nan a tih theih, chutiang chuan pre kharif buh chin theihna ram zau zawng chu hectare nuaih 1.6(0.6+1.0 lakh ha) lai a tling tho mai.

              Phai zawl lei thatna hmuna buh thar hlawk dan level 2.5 t/ha hi ton nuaih 4.0 (2.5 t/ha x 1.6 lakh ha) zetin kan belhchhah thei dawn a ni. Hei hian India hmarchhak tan(regional food security ) phang lova chaw kan neih theihna turin nasa takin kori a tu phak a ni.

XI.   Ratooning a hriat tur tlangpui :

• A theih hram chuan April thla chawhma lamah buhchi ni15-20 a upa phun ang che (pre kharif). A nih loh pawn a theih anga hmaah buh phuna, a chi naupangte hman/phun tur.
• Buh ching tura tih dan tha zawng zawng hmanga enkawl zui tur.
• A tlangpui thuin September thla chawhma lamah buh seng a ni thin.
• Ratoon a that theih nan hmin lutuka buh seng loh tur.
• Buh seng laiin pantein tui tlin tir la, a ro tak tak phal bawk suh. A nih loh pawhin sahkanga buh seng zawh ni 10 hnu velah tui pantea khung leh tur.
• Buh sengin lei atanga 15-20 cm (6-8 inch) a sanga ah/zai tur.
• Tum 1 kuta thlawh emaw hlothlawhna weeder hmanga hlo thlawh tur.
• Leitha pek tur (NPK 40:30 kg/ha) atanga a zatve hi hlothlawh zawha pek tur a ni.
• Ratoon nilo zawk , a hma a mi (main rice crop) thankin emaw puitlin hunah a tam thei ang ber FYM(5t/ha) pek tur.
• Thlai venhim hna pawh theih ang ang thawh tur.

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